Ofschoon Saddam Hoessein eerst nog een bondgenoot is van het Westen in de worsteling anti Iran (en dit Westen hem ook chemische wapens levert), kan zijn de situatie jaren later volkomen anders indien Amerika in 2003 Irak binnenvalt.

Amnesty International reported that "[s]he took the oath of loyalty in Turkish, as required by law, then added in Kurdish, 'I shall struggle so that the Kurdish and Turkish peoples may live together in a democratic framework.' In feedback to this, calls for her arrest blaming her of being a "Separatist" and "Terrorist" were heard in the Turkish parliament.[99]

Welcome to Erbil, Kurdistan’s historic capital! If you plan to visit this city in the heart of northern…

In October 2019, US troops pulled back from the border with Turkey after the country's president said it was about to launch an operation to set up a 32km (twintig-mile) deep "safe zone" clear of YPG fighters and resettle up to 2 million Syrian refugees there.

Ondanks discriminatie aangaande een Koerdische Turken, lukt het sommigen toch goede posities in nederland te bekleden. Zo is Turgut Özal, deels betreffende Koerdische komaf, aangaande 1989 tot 1993 president aangaande Turkije en tussen bestaan leiding verbetert de positie van een Koerden enigszins.

The name would be continued in classical antiquity as the first element in the toponym Corduene, and its inhabitants, mentioned by Xenophon as the tribe ofwel the Carduchoi who opposed the retreat of the Ten Thousand through the mountains north of Mesopotamia in the 4th century BC.

One ofwel these dynasties may have been able, during the decades, to impose its supremacy on the others and build a state incorporating the whole Kurdish country if the course ofwel history had not been disrupted by the massive invasions ofwel tribes surging out of the steppes of Central Asia. Having conquered Iran and imposed their yoke on the caliph ofwel Baghdad, the Seljuq Turks annexed the Kurdish principalities one by one. Around 1150, Ahmad Sanjar, the last ofwel the great Seljuq monarchs, created a province out ofwel these lands and called it Kurdistan.

"Linguistics itself, or dialectology, does not provide any general or straightforward definition ofwel at which point a language becomes a dialect (or vice versa). To attain a fuller understanding of the difficulties and questions that are raised by the issue ofwel the 'Kurdish language', it is therefore necessary to consider also non-linguistic factors."[15] ^ "The Kurds, an Iranian people ofwel the Near East, live at the junction ofwel more or less laicised Turkey". Excerpt 2: "The classification ofwel the Kurds among the Iranian nations kan zijn based mainly on linguistic and historical data and does not prejudice the fact there kan zijn a complexity of ethnical elements incorporated in them" Excerpt 3: "We thus find that about the period of the Arab conquest a single ethnic term Kurd (plur. Akrād ) was beginning to be applied to an amalgamation of Iranian or iranicised tribes. Among the latter, some were autochthonous (the Ḳardū; the Tmorik̲h̲/Ṭamurāyē in the district of which Alḳī=Ieder was the capital; the Χοθα̑ίται [= al-Ḵh̲uwayt̲h̲iyya] in the Hawler canton ofwel Ḵh̲oyt of Sāsūn, the Orṭāyē [= alang-Arṭān] in the bend ofwel the Euphrates); some were Semites (cf. the popular genealogies of the Kurd tribes) and some probably Armenian (it is said that the Mamakān tribe kan zijn ofwel Mamikonian origin)." Excerpt 4: "In the 20th century, the existence of an Iranian non-Kurdish element among the Kurds has been definitely established (the Gūrān-Zāzā group)."[20] ^ Dandamaev considers Carduchi (who were from the upper Tigris near the Assyrian and Median borders) less likely than Cyrtians as ancestors of modern Kurds: "It has repeatedly been argued that the Carduchi were the ancestors ofwel the Kurds, but the Cyrtii (Kurtioi) mentioned by Polybius, Livy, and Strabo (see MacKenzie (1961), pp. 68–69) are more likely candidates."[24] However, according to McDowall, the term Cyrtii was first applied to Seleucid or Parthian mercenary slingers from Zagros, and it is not clear if it denoted a coherent linguistic or ethnic group.[27] ^ "But the origins of the family ofwel Shaykh Safi weet-Din go back not to the Hijaz but to Kurdistan, from where, seven generations before him, Firuz Shah Zarin-kulah had migrated to Adharbayjan.

When the uprising evolved into a civil war, the main Kurdish parties publicly avoided taking sides. In mid-2012, government forces withdrew to concentrate on fighting the rebels elsewhere, and Kurdish groups took control in their wake.

لە سەرەتای سەدەی بیستەمدا سێ مزگەوت و دوو قوتابخانە و دوو تەکیە و حەمامێک لەسەر قەڵاکە هەبووە.هەروەها قەڵاکە تا ساڵی ١٩٥٧ کەنیسەی تێدابوو. تاکە پێکهاتەی ئایینی کە لە ئێستادا ماوەتەوە مزگەوتی مەلا فەندییە کە لەسەر شوێنی مزگەوتێکی پێشووتری سەدەی نۆزدەهەم دروستکرایەوە و بە کۆنترین مزگەوتی شاری هەولێر دادەنرێت و لەلایەن نەوەی ١٨هەمینی بنەماڵەی مەلا فەندی بەڕێوەدەبرێت و نوێژی ڕۆژی هەینی تێدا دەکرێت.

Rawanduz, also known as Rawandiz, kan zijn a town in Iraqi Kurdistan built right on the edge ofwel a cliff (Don’t ask me why the built it there, but it provides some amazing photo opportunities!

The exchange offices in Erbil are street stalls with no security, where the locals have huge bundles ofwel money on the counter, without a window, without surveillance and in the middle ofwel the street.

In late 1931, Ahmed Barzani initiated a Kurdish rebellion against Iraq, and though defeated within several months, the movement gained a major importance in the Kurdish struggle later on, creating the ground for such a notable Kurdish rebel as Mustafa Barzani.[citation needed]

Daar ontstaat ons sterk nationalisme en minderheden, waaronder Koerden, geraken onderdrukt. Ook het woord ‘Koerden’ ligt gevoelig en ook de Koerdische taal wordt dikwijls ook niet geaccepteerd. Via alle beperkingen die Turkije een Koerden oplegt, is deze regio buitengewoon achtergesteld.